What Can Indivuduals Do to Help Protect Environment and Why?

Condition Tables of Contents: Presentation: the earth is characterized as all the components (biotic or abiotic) that encompass an individual or species, some of which legitimately add to help herself one, or as every single regular condition (physical, compound, natural) and social (sociological) can follow up on living beings and human activities.The twenty-first century, ecological security has become a significant issue, alongside the possibility of important debasement of both worldwide and nearby, due to human contamination. The protection of the earth is one of the three mainstays of practical turn of events. It is additionally the seventh of the eight Millennium Development, considered by the UN as â€Å"crucial to the achievement of different destinations laid out in the Declaration of the Millennium Summit†. Ensuring nature is protected and the future endurance of humanity.Indeed, the earth is our wellspring of food and drinking water. Air is our wellspring of oxygen. The atmosphere permits our e ndurance. What's more, biodiversity is a potential repository of medication. Saving the earth involves endurance. Indeed in this report we will discuss why secure the earth is significant and besides we will perceive how we can assist with ensuring the earth. Secure the earth, for what reason is it significant? Securing the earth is significant for our lives, for a sound way of life yet additionally to the advancement of the species on the grounds that there is still a lot to discover.That is the reason the assurance of the earth is significant, presently, we will see now through food, air atmosphere and different purposes of how the ensure the earth is fundamental. * Everything we eat and drink originates from nature. Or on the other hand any contamination winds up one day in our food: in the water we drink or what we eat. Furthermore, these toxins can make us create maladies or contortions. Ensure our food source is to save the endurance and hence the eventual fate of mankind. * T he air is significant to our endurance. We can't endure in excess of a couple of moments without breathing.The air brings oxygen energy components. In any case, breathing, we don't breathe in that of oxygen. We retain a ton of different things. With every breath, we breathe in gases and particles that are in the environment. A portion of these gases and particles are destructive to our bodies. With every motivation, we take a touch of toxic substance. Breathing at that point puts our wellbeing in danger and makes us debilitated. While breathing should just be keep us alive. Ensuring air quality is the wellbeing and along these lines the eventual fate of humankind. * Our social orders have lifestyles adjusted to current climate.If the atmosphere changes, our social orders won't fit there. A few areas will endure genuine disarranges. As indicated by the pieces of the world, there will be an ascent in the water, dry seasons, and floods rehashed, extreme storms†¦ These debacles wil l escape or wreck populaces. Individuals should move or change their way of life. Clashes break out to live in zones saved. Verdure will advance with the evolving atmosphere. A few plants will never again be proper. Nearby agribusiness will be influenced. Parasites will spread to new regions, spreading illness to people, plants and animals.We are as of now observing that the general temperature of the Earth increments. Furthermore, this change is amazingly quick. Nature won't have the opportunity to adjust. The present parity is vexed. Cautious not to harm nature is to protect the sensitive equalization of the Earth and in this manner the fate of mankind. * Biodiversity is the assortment of plant and creature species in nature. Every one of these animal varieties must be regarded and safeguarded. Be that as it may, every one of these animal groups are likewise vital for the endurance and eventual fate of man. Plants and creatures can add to our health.For it is among the natural lif e, in some cases obscure, that man has yet found or finds drugs. These are likewise the natural life that can support our farming. They can help improve execution and infection opposition of our ranches or our homesteads. Nature is a wellspring of future revelations and answers for our issues. It is self-destructive to decimate all that before they could profit. Safeguarding biodiversity is to spare a tank of future answers for our issues. That shields the eventual fate of humankind. What would individuals be able to never really secure environment?Become all the more naturally neighborly isn't as troublesome as we would might suspect. There are little things we can do each day to help decrease ozone harming substance emanations and our negative effect on the earth. Each activity and each idea, activity is ecologically inviting. Thinking about the Earth is an obligation, a benefit or a treat of residents! Components to come back to the Developer in the past area, we will perceive ho w man can support the earth. * For the food: we should subsequently guarantee that nature creates a water and sound food in adequate quantity.For this, we should abstain from dirtying the dirt and oceans. * For the air: we ought not recklessly excuse or dispersion of synthetics in overabundance. We should be mindful so as not to contaminate our climate. * For the atmosphere: we should not dismiss it hurtful gases or particles risky to life. We have to restrain our effect on atmosphere by decreasing our discharges of ozone harming substance outflows. For our air emanations emphasize the regular nursery impact that adds to warm our planet. For this, we should guarantee specifically to restrain our vitality utilization. For the biodiversity: we should forestall the pulverization of normal territories. We have to ensure jeopardized species. There are likewise others simples approach to protect our condition. We can help diminish contamination just by placing our plastic containers in an alternate plate. On the off chance that we waver about the decision between two items, it is desirable over one with less bundling. Considering a structure with 7000 representatives that reuse all their waste paper for a year, this speaks to what might be compared to 400 vehicles off the streets. A basic aphorism: â€Å"The best waste is that it didn't produce†¦ Turn off the lights behind us, turn off the PC (and screen) when we don't have the utility, TV likewise, utilize reduced bright light bulbs or LED the best as opposed to customary bulbs. The backup power utilization (reserve) gadgets utilizing a present transformer (TV, PC, incandescent lights) are not immaterial and an electrical extension with switch can totally detach the gadgets when they are not utilized. Basic motions, however extremely viable on our capacity utilization. The (dryer) isn't generally essential.Enjoy the late spring warmth and high breezes of harvest time to dry our garments (the sun is additional ly the best stain remover and fade for garments! ). It is acceptable not to let the water run constantly while we brush our teeth. In the event that we have a latrine that consistently permitted streaming a little water, it might be a few several litters of water for each day. The utilization of present day toilets (or can bio litter) gives, without smell, water reserve funds considerably more noteworthy and gives remunerating manure our waste. End: actually, to leave for our youngsters tomorrow, a world reasonable, breathable and clean, we should begin right on time with them to make them understand.Do not toss paper meanders by, killing lights, don't squander water. This in 3/4 years youngsters comprehend! And afterward, ourselves, have increasingly mindful perspectives and don't generally depend on others to make reserve funds (gas and transportation, arranging, paper all over the place. Everything about significant, and drop-by-drop, we go to a Wed. References: (Reynaud, 2011), Sustainable advancement in the core of the organization (Managment, 2011), Management, Environmental (Milton, 2011), the earth site (Smouts, 2011), Sustainable Development (Baddache, 2011), Sustainable improvement every day

Language structure and stage devices Essay Example for Free

Language structure and stage gadgets Essay A View from the Bridge is as yet pertinent to a contemporary crowd. Examine this according to Millers utilization of language, structure and stage gadgets; indicating how they are utilized sensational effect. Miller proposed the play to be a cutting edge adaptation of a Greek disaster and despite the fact that Miller set the play in a particular time and a particular spot it despite everything takes after that of a Greek catastrophe. Mill operator has inputted a touch of him self into the play as the play is additionally founded on his own encounters. He stands up to the crowd with a circumstance which we know the result of, because of the immortal structure likewise utilized in Greek theater. A View from the Bridge is and consistently will be pertinent to todays occasions, society and happenings on account of its Greek auditorium impact, utilizing solid ethics and ageless topics. For example, Love, Betrayal, Hate, Jealousy, respect, and Identity, Which are moved all through the play. In the initial segment of the play Miller lays everything out in Red Hook, the ghetto that faces the straight on the toward the ocean side of Brooklyn Bridge, depicting to the crowd the regions character. Mill operator deals with this to a compelling artwork, as he visited and worked in Brooklyn as a boat fitter and subsequently knew the territory and its encompassing individuals well. While in Brooklyn, he heard a story from a legal counselor companion which was of a longshoreman who had squealed to the migration department on two siblings who were living unlawfully in his home just to stop a commitment between one of them and his niece. This story is the place he got the vast majority of his thoughts from. Because of this he had the option to portray through his utilization of language all the occasions so they have a practical vibe which could cause the peruser to feel like it could have been set in todays society. The messed up English utilized in the play, as a gadget, shows how uneducated the characters are yet in addition how recognizable they are with individuals in the public arena today. Words missing or words curtailed, utilizing a punctuation, show this. They been pullin this since the Immigration Law was placed in! They get a green child that dont know nothin', this messed up discourse is still immediate and can be seen yet at the same time shows how the character feels. The language is utilized, as in Greek theater, to likewise depict the settings with very some accuracy. The gadgets Miller uses can likewise impart to the crowd what discourse can't. Besides, the language Miller utilizes joined with the stage gadgets he uses can impart something totally unique. For instance: when Eddie is instructing Rodolfo to box and there is covering exchange from Beatrice and Catherine which fabricates a ton of pressure from I dont need to hit you, Eddie to No, no, he didnt hurt me., (Page 41) after the peak is arrived at when Eddie punches Rodolfo. The covering exchange is intended to show disarray and a development of strain to when Eddie hits Rodolfo. Despite the fact that the covering discourse develops strain the crowd realized this would occur. Another case of language or even the absence of language and discourse being utilized as an emotional gadget is while Marco is lifting the seat (page 42). This is totally done through language being utilized as a sensational gadget. Here, is all that Marco says, the rest is conveyed by his activities as he needs to impart to Eddie what he can't state so anyone might hear. He changes what may seem like a glare of caution into a grin of triumph, and Eddies smile evaporates as he retains his look, this despite everything has the proposed sway that Marco needed on Eddie without discourse included. This is fundamentally the same as what would have been utilized in Greek theater, utilizing acting and stage gadgets rather than language. Indeed, even today in consistently life we do likewise, utilizing physical activities rather than words. Mill operator utilizes many procedures and gadgets to depict various plans to the crowd, to make significance and cause them to comprehend. The stage gadgets Miller utilizes make importance for the crowd and uncover subtext, indicating the inward sentiments of the characters. For instance: the telephone stall gleaming (Act 2, page 49), A telephone corner starts to shine on the contrary side of the stage; a black out, desolate blue. Eddie stands up, jaws gripped, this uncovers a measure of subtext to the crowd giving them that Eddie is considering calling the Immigration Bureau. The uncovered subtext is likewise giving us that Eddie is feeling rankled and is attempting to keep down on something, causing increasingly strain. Another case of language being utilized as a sensational gadget is while Eddie is going after Rodolfo making out that he is gay with the emotional gadgets when the remarks, utilizing a paper as his prop. (He has been unknowingly winding the paper into a tight roll. They are on the whole with respect to him now; he detects he is uncovering the issue and he is driven on.)I would be somewhere else. I would resemble in a dress store. (He has bowed the moved paper and it out of nowhere tears in two.

10 Secrets of the Human Brain to Use in Your Marketing

10 Secrets of the Human Brain to Use in Your Marketing How well is your marketing going?Marketing can be fun if you love it. It can also be fulfilling if it’s bearing fruit. But if it’s not, then it could be very frustrating. This frustration has been experienced by many marketers.The good thing is that after some time trying to get things to work, we usually experience success. If you are on your way to this success, no matter how small it may be, what would you say is the biggest challenge?Getting the right content? Getting a list of valid email contacts? Generating buzz with your campaigns?Whatever the challenge is, we have something that will be of great help to you.To succeed in your marketing efforts, you need some insights. In this article, we are sharing 10 secrets of marketing. These are secrets about the human brain.Since the brain is what interprets the world for us, knowing a few things about it will surely help. This insight will help you develop a better marketing strategy and get you results more quickly.Here’s what you need to know about the human brain to get your marketing campaigns right.1. The human brain is self-servingDo you love your friend more than yourself? What about your spouse or child?You sure have a lot of love for the people close to you and can make great sacrifices for them.But believe it or not, you love yourself more than you love them.No wonder it’s said that you should love your neighbor as you love yourself.This is because you naturally love yourself more than you love others.Your brain is wired to look out for your well being. It seeks to ensure that you have the best of life. And with all the weight that life puts on our backs, some relief is certainly needed.This is where the human brain comes in. It will easily identify the kind of things it knows will provide you with relief. And having identified those things, it will work to get you to them.How does this work for you as a marketer?Simple. You just have to prove that your product or service will relieve the buyer the stress he has.That means that you need to identify what problem he seeks to have a solution to.If you manage to do this, the prospect’s brain will handle the rest for you.It will faithfully serve its owner by getting him to invest in that which will give him satisfaction and relief.2. The brain loves dealsRemember the American game show Deal or No Deal?The show attracted a massive viewership. There was the obvious benefit of winning 1 million dollars just for making the right choice. But there was also the tension and fear of losing big. Today’s marketing incorporates different types of deals. One of the most popular is the coupon strategy. Coupons enable you to become eligible for a discount. It’s a way of making savings and that’s a deal.If you tell someone that buying a product gives them an opportunity to get a $10 coupon, that’s a real deal. Rejecting that is not easy.Consider the below statistics about coupons:36% of millennials and 29% of Gen Z often use coupon s33% of millennials and 27% of Gen Z often check store ads in search for a sale70% of 25-34-year-olds prefer redeeming coupons and rebates with a phoneTo see the real life importance of this, consider the stint of Ron Johnson at JC Penney. From a great success at Apple and Target, he was called upon to work out his magic at JC Penney.Although his tenure there didn’t turn out to be what was expected, Ron Johnson’s mistakes were big.One of the things he did was remove coupons and change the pricing model of the retail store. There were no more sales while all the prices were straightforward. You would think that this level of transparency would endear the company to customers.It did the opposite.Sales plummeted, market share reduced, jobs were lost and eventually, his strategy cost him his own job.Do you want to avoid such a situation?Give your customers and prospects a deal. Just look for a way of showing them how they can win something big and valuable.3. Simple messages work be tterYour marketing message is crucial to the success of your campaign.Other things like images and colors aside, it’s the copy that sells the product. You should therefore put considerable effort in this.The human brain simply wants to have it easy.Some people say that the brain is lazyâ€"it doesn’t want to get tired. Others say it’s just a lack of training since the brain can be trained to love work.Anyway, let’s leave the arguments to the philosophers. What you want are results. So focus on the right thing. Look at your own behavior and judge for yourself.If you were researching about a product, would you rather be told of the technical workings or simple functionality? Unless you are a mechanic buying an engine for your own car, you just want a simple explanation of how the new engine works.As long as you’re okay with how it works and you see it working, you’re ready to buy. The same applies to your customers.Give them complicated and technical information which they need to research so as to understand, and you’ll make it difficult for them to buy.You need them to buy. But to buy, they need to understand your product. To understand your product, they need to understand the message in the copy.If the brain has to work very hard to understand your product, your chances reduce drastically. So make the message clear and easy to understand and see decisions made more quickly.4. The brain loves storiesIf you were to look at most blog posts on the internet, you’ll realize that they employ storytelling in one way or another.It’s not one long story from beginning to end, but somewhere in the post, you’ll find a story or two. It might be short, but it’s a story all the same.This is not by accident or coincidence. Though it might be flowing naturally, it’s often intentional.One of the best times for any child is spending time with granny. Not because they can play together, but because granny will always have stories which arouse the imaginati on of the child.As an adult, you may not enjoy granny’s stories as the child does. However, stories still appeal to you more than plain facts and figures.Consider a situation where you have to learn some moral lessons. You’re given two options.The first is to watch a movie which shows the lives of real people making choices and the consequences of those choices. The other option is just reading the moral lessons as printed on a piece of paper.Which option would you take?When using stories in your marketing campaigns, do not put too much emphasis on your product. It should feature in the narrative but the main focus should be on the story. The story is what the audience will relate with.A good story will make it easy for consumers to connect the experience in the story with your product.The story should also be transformational. It should show how life becomes better so that your product can be associated with an improved life.5. Visceral emotions overrule logicThe battle between emotions and logic still rages. So far, emotion is the clear winner though logic keeps trying to overturn that win. This is very possible but only if the mind is well trained in discipline.Discipline is not easy to attain. There is much work that needs to be done. For that reason, the majority give in to their emotions quite easily.Among the many emotions, there are some which are hard-wired in the brain. It’s very difficult for these emotions not to be expressed or acted upon. These are referred to as visceral emotions.They are deep feelings which are also powerful enough to drive action, even unknowingly. Responses to these emotions can at times seem like reflex action.Three visceral feelings to think about are fear, anger and excitement.When you come up with a message targeting fear, you can bet that there will be responses. The same applies to anger and excitement. And among these, fear might as well be the most powerful.But you can’t just decide to push forth a message of fear. You will have to understand your audience first then craft your message accordingly. Having done it well, the logic part of their brain will not stop them from acting as you expect.Your message can be in the form of building a fear of losing something special. It could also take the form of creating room for excitement by promising consumers something they love.Logic will still come in somewhere, though not as the primary decision maker but secondary. The brain will just work to justify what emotions have already approved.This will be a case of buying emotionally then justifying it logically. 6. The confirmation biasWe are talking about secrets and here is one you really need to know.The confirmation bias is the theory that the brain seeks out information that agrees with the opinion it already holds.Does a customer believe your brand truly cares for the environment? If this person researched about this, he will do so to confirm it, not to prove it false.For instance, you coul d have company ABC believed to be caring for the environment. Search phrases on the internet would look like this, “How ABC cares for the environment,” “ABC’s solution for the environment” etc.What will be happening is that the researcher will be unknowingly seeking to confirm what he already believes. Very rarely will the search include phrases like, “Why you should not support ABC” or “Why ABC’s solution will fail.”This is true even in your own case as a marketer.Whenever you have what you believe is a great marketing idea, how do you handle it?If you’re like the majority, you won’t focus on finding out the possible weaknesses of your idea. You’ll instead be looking for people who will support your idea and help you implement it.Utilizing this in your marketing involves simply ensuring that you create a good first impression.Those first impressions will be hard to shake off. Once you wow them, they will only seek to know more good about you. They will eve n disregard the apparent bad which is presented about you.7. The herding effectThe word herding is used for cattle when they are in groups. While herding is for cattle, teams and groups are for people.But the term “herding” is still valid when talking about one unique human attribute.When you go shopping at a physical store, the experience is definitely different from online shopping. You can touch the product, ask another shopper what they think about it, get the opinion of the friend you tagged along etc.But what if you’re shopping online?One of the clearest ways the herding effect is seen is by understanding why customers buy a certain product. Especially a completely new product recently launched into the market.On the internet, the chief determinant is the customer review and star rating provided by other shoppers. And the online businesses know it.Take a look at some of the online businesses. They place the reviews by other customers and star ratings close to the product s. This helps the shopper easily and quickly determine whether the product is of value based on other people’s experiences.If the comments and ratings are mostly positive, the shopper will buy the product expecting it to work. If the comments and ratings are negative, he will conclude that the product won’t be helpful to him.And that’s how the decision to buy or not to will be made.8. Brains love imagesMany people started embracing internet in the early 2000s. In those days, websites were full of text as the primary mode of sharing information. Gradually, that changed to the use of images.The human brain understands things visually. And so reading text, the brain will create the visual images then use them to help you understand.This is how reading story books or novels works. The text paints a picture then the brain “digests” that. Therefore, it’s only natural that the brain will find it easier to understand visual content than text.This is because the images are alread y a semi-processed form. It’s as though the brain skips one step during processing. This makes it easier and faster for you.Images also have an effect on how we receive the information we’re presented with. The more visual the information, the more likely we are to like and embrace it. Images are simply a better way of communicating than pure text.9. Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO)One of the best examples of how the fear of missing out has been used is the “Stories” feature in Facebook and Instagram. This feature keeps a post for only 24 hours. After that it disappears.Whereas the posts which go on the timeline are always available, stories are completely gone in one day. If you want to know or see what your friend is up to, you have to check it out fast.And to help you do that, there are notifications to alert you when something is posted on “Stories.”But what’s really going on behind the scenes?It turns out that someone understood how the human brain works and used it to his advantage.The human brain is keen to help you experience all the good things in life. And just as is the case with posts in Facebook stories, many good things aren’t available at all times. So, when you come across one of them, you have to get it as soon as possible.For consumers, this is the reasoning behind purchases which were never planned for.They’re however bought because the time is just right. The products will either be out of stock shortly or the price is low for only a short time before going higher.There will always be a sense of urgency which screams “BUY NOW!!!”10. The need to reciprocateHave you ever noticed that you tend to want to be good to those who are good to you? It’s as though you feel obligated to repay them for the good they’ve done for you.If you ever felt the pressure of that feeling, worry not. There’s nothing wrong with you. That feeling is very normal.A sociologist known as Phillip Kunz tested out reciprocity and got interesting result s. He decided to send handwritten Christmas cards to 600 strangers and see what would happen.Some of the cards were just wishes while others included photos of him with his family. After some time, he started getting responses. Believe it or not, out of the 600 strangers, 200 responded to him.One of the most interesting responses was a 3-page letter from one of the strangers.The big question was, why would these people respond to a stranger?The answer was simple: they were just responding in kind. Since he had been kind enough to send them a card, they just felt that they should also send him something. And in the case of the 3-page letter, give him even more than he gave.It’s natural for the brain to urge you to do good to the person who is good to you. If you don’t, unless you’ve done your conscience some damage, you’ll be tormented by guilt.You however don’t have to invoke guilt. Just sow the seeds in kind and wait for the willing customers to show up.CONCLUSIONIgnoranc e is costly; knowledge is valuable. Acquiring knowledge results in being empowered and that helps in making better decisions.Using what you’ve learned, act quickly to make the necessary changes to your marketing strategy. The better the results you get from your marketing efforts, the more satisfaction you get.Your work will also be more fun.

Case Study Managing for Organizational Integrity

[pic] [pic] [pic] SUBMITTED BY: PARSHU RAM ACHARYA MOUNT DRUITT TAFE INTRODUCTION The aim/purpose of this report is to discuss how the information systems are managed systematically in an organizational operation. How those frontline managers should be competent in managing the systems, developing business plans and budgets as well as managing the resource proposal are made are researched in sources listed in the Bibliography and the practicable application of it in business as demonstrated by the case study of Blacktown city council which is followed by the theory of manage workplace information systems with the help of class notes and further researched on†¦show more content†¦It also includes the facilities like the basics of life including the leisure and lifestyle, arts and entertainment like libraries, parks, reserves, child care centres, clubs etc. The nature of work involves governing all the people living in Blacktown as a local government and providing each and every facilities that a local government should provide and is capable of. It includes the managing waste ,cleaning the public places, constructing the parks, reserves, clubs , child care centres and repairing of all those and lots of other projects. The aim and objectives of Blacktown city council can be briefly explained as below: 1. To serve a whole Blacktown community as a parent organisation. 2. To provide each and every facilities for the diverse and dense multicultural community. 3. Carry out different planned project and implementing it for the development of Blacktown city and its welfare. 4. To workout for the different ways that can satisfies the local people and maintains the social harmony, peace, etc. 5. To provide safe environment for people in working and enjoying freely. 6. Safeguarding the people needs and necessities and maintain secure place to live in. 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Remember The Titans Essay - 973 Words

In 1971 Coach Herman Boone replaced a popular, successful white coach at T.C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Virginia, in that communitys effort to finally integrate its schools. The school and community were angrily divided by the federal integration order, and the volatility of the situation was heightened by the abrupt demotion of Coach Yoast and Boones promotion to Head Coach. In this movie Coach Boone is on a mission to try to get the white and black players to unite and play together as a team. He wanted the two races to become a team. Around that time, there was a lot of racism and a lot of schools were segregated, so the players obviously didnt get along with each other at first. A lot changed when Boone replaced Yoast†¦show more content†¦This team actually started becoming a team after Coach Boone gave an inspiring speech at the graveyard in Gettysburg. That is when a team actually started to form. The speech was about the Civil War that happened at Gettysburg . He told the players to hear closely, because if they do, they can hear people saying things about killing their own brothers. He told the players that they have to stop fighting with one another and start thinking of each other as brothers and come together as a team and start seeing life in a different perspective. After that, they had plenty of practices and worked hard until they learned how to get along, and they finally did that. It was beautiful to watch them get along and become a team. They were becoming friends and would joke with one another in the locker rooms. Mostly everyone get along. Julius and Gary were becoming great friends, which was hard to believe, because they hated each other at first. Later on, they got a new player. He had long hair, and they called him Sunshine. He was a quarterback and was the newest player on the mighty Titans. The team thought he was gay but he really wasnt. The team was ready to come back home after all the hard practices at camp. The town still didnt accept the fact that these two races were going to play on the same team. The parents of some of the players didnt like it, and the town didnt like it. On top of that, Coach Boone had to win every game. IfShow MoreRelatedRemember the Titans954 Words   |  4 PagesConflict in Remember the Titans I choose the movie – remember the titans. It is an inspirational movie, making my blood boiling from the beginning to the end and teaching us that we are all equal no matter what race you are. It talks about not only the games, but also racial conflicts, friendship and the significance of life. The story goes like that: in the early 1970s, two schools in Alexandria Virginia integrate forming T.C. Williams High School. 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Now the film starts with Coach Boone being appointed by the school board as theRead MoreRemember the Titans Leaderhip7514 Words   |  31 PagesÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ± πΠ¿ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿ÃÆ'φÎ ±ÃŽ ¯Ã ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ τωÎ ½ ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ³Ãâ€¡Ã Ãâ€°ÃŽ ¼Ãâ€°ÃŽ ½ 19 5.3 ΟÎ ¼ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ± τωÎ ½ ÃŽ ¤ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€žÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ½Ãâ€°ÃŽ ½ 20 6 ΕΙÎ £ÃŽâ€"ΓÎâ€"ÃŽ £ÃŽâ€¢ÃŽâ„¢ÃŽ £ ΓΙΑ ΒΕΛÎ ¤ÃŽâ„¢ÃŽ ©ÃŽ £ÃŽâ€" ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€"ÃŽ £ ΑÎ  ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€¢ÃŽâ€ºÃŽâ€¢ÃŽ £ÃŽÅ"ΑÎ ¤ÃŽâ„¢ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€"ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽ £ ÃŽ ¤ÃŽ ©ÃŽ  ΑÎ ¤ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽÅ"ÃŽ ©ÃŽ  ΚΑΙ ΟÎÅ"ΑΔÎ ©ÃŽ  24 7 ΛΕΙÎ ¤ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽ ¥ÃŽ ¡ÃŽâ€œÃŽâ„¢ÃŽâ€˜ ΚΑΙ ΑÎ  ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€¢ÃŽâ€ºÃŽâ€¢ÃŽ £ÃŽÅ"ΑÎ ¤ÃŽâ„¢ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽÅ¸ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€"ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€˜ ÃŽ ¤ÃŽâ€"ÃŽ £ ΔΙΚÎâ€"ÃŽ £ ÃŽÅ"ΑÎ £ ΟÎÅ"ΑΔΑÎ £ 26 ΕΙÎ £ÃŽâ€˜ÃŽâ€œÃŽ ©ÃŽâ€œÃŽâ€" ÃŽâ€" â€Å"ÃŽ £Ã ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ºÃ ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃÆ'ÃŽ · ÃŽ ¤ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€žÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ½Ãâ€°ÃŽ ½Ã¢â‚¬  - â€Å"Remember the Titans† ÃŽ µÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ± ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ · ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ »ÃŽ ·Ãâ€žÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ® Ï„Î ±ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± πΠ±Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ³Ãâ€°ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ®Ãâ€š Ï„Î ¿Ãâ€¦ Jerry Bruckheimer ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ ÏÆ'ÃŽ ºÃŽ ·ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃÆ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±Ãâ€š Ï„Î ¿Ãâ€¦ Boaz Yakim, ÃŽ · ÃŽ ¿Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± ÃŽ ºÃâ€¦ÃŽ ºÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€ ÃÅ'Ï ÃŽ ·ÃÆ'ÃŽ µ Ï„Î ¿ 2000. ÃŽâ€" Ï„Î ±ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ µÃâ€žÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ ÏÆ'ÃŽ µ ÃŽ ±ÃŽ »ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¬ ÃŽ ³ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ÃÅ'Ï„Î ±, ÃŽ µÃŽ ¯Ãâ€¡ÃŽ µ ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ »ÃŽ · ÃŽ µÃâ‚¬ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€žÃâ€¦Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ±Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ºÃÅ'ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'ÃŽ µ ÃŽ ¬Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î µÃâ€š ÃŽ ºÃ ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€žÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ­Ãâ€š ÃŽ ºÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ πΠ±Ã ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ Ï„Î ±

Animal Rights Pros and Cons of Animal Experiments Free Essays

Animal rightsPros and cons of animal experiments Personaly I don’t think that there are many pros about this subject, but I’ve written down a few. Pros: There are vaccines for most of the diseases. Like the ones you’ll recive when you’re an infant, wich are very important. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Rights: Pros and Cons of Animal Experiments or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you have a deadly disease, like cancer for example, you can prolong your life for years, if you discover it early enough. Thanks to the science and research with animals. In some cases you can also help sick animals by doing tests on them. In my opinion there are more cons. To some lenght I do agree with animalactivists when they say that †we† kill the animals for no reason what so ever, but at the same time I don’t think they realize that it’s thanks to this that many of them are alive today. This is what I think. Cons: They do many unneccessary tests over and over even though it already exists workable vaccines. Then they simply make the animals suffer. Why do certain when they know that animals react diffrently from humans? Some doctors only does the tests to rise in their position, to get better paid. They would go so far as giving the monkeys a cigarette, to get cancer, just so they can do tests on it! Some of the medicins isn’t even legas or at least not recognized by WHO. So they have done som painful and cruel tests on the animals for their own gain. Cosmetics that are tested on animals doesn’t have to be done. They’re not the ones who will use it in the end anyway, test it on us humans instead! Or is the makeup ingredients so dangerous that you get permenantly damaged? How to cite Animal Rights: Pros and Cons of Animal Experiments, Essay examples

John Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer Essays - John Dos Passos

John Dos Passos' Manhattan Transfer HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: This book began in the 1890's. Benjamin Harrison of the Republicans was in power. The novel began by showing the problems of immigration both from the view point of the immigrant and of the already settled American. We are aware right from the first page that the life of an immigrant was extremely difficult. Jobs were extremely scarce and even when they were available the pay was low. However the immigrants had to worry about more than just jobs; they had to worry about the safely of the lives of their families. Because there was a huge number of unemployed in the cities groups such as the Klu Klux Klan (K.K.K) flourished. The unemployed blamed the immigrants for their problems, they thought that it was they who were taking away their jobs. To relieve such anger people in groups like the K.K.K went out and attacked innocent immigrants often killing them. If one were black things were even worse. There were many laws that separated them from white men and made their lives very difficult. They were constantly beaten by white men and found getting jobs very hard. As well people became firebugs and often burned down buildings in which the immigrants lived. The majority of Americans resented the immigrants because they represented lost jobs. the only people who did like the influx of immigrants were the rich because they represented a large pool of labour that cost next to nothing. America was very much separated from the rest of the world. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was still a big part of life in the United States Of America and politicians made sure that they did n not get involved in European affairs. They remained unchanged until the first World War when America joined in on the side of the Allies. This novel showed that most Americans were glad that they had joined. It created jobs for the poor and increased the wealth of many of the already very rich as well. I learned greatly how the politics of the time worked. Passos showed how the sinking of a ship carrying Americans triggered the The United States to join. Before this book I had though it ridiculous that a country would go to war over a few deaths, but the author showed how the American goverment used propoganda to make the Americans want to join in the war and fight. Manhattan Transfer tells the tale of how a poor tailor became very rich when the were broke out. He managed to secure a contract with the government for body bags and overnight he was rich. With the war looking promising for America people started to buy again. It was in this period also that Americans began to rebuild their economy. As well they started going out to clubs quite often. The novel spends a great deal of time on how people began to spend their money in pubs again and how their hearts began to be overjoyed as time went on and the German's began to lose. This era is referred to by many historians as the Jazz Era. Many of the poorer characters in Manhattan Transfer made references to people such as J.P. Morgan and other Robber Barons telling great tales of their fortunes and how they too would one day do the same. This is interesting because it shows that they are not just some unknown historical characters in our history book but instead real people that everyone knew. This book continues on until the year 1925, thus through 5 different presidents such as Grover Cleveland (Republican), William McKinley (Republican), Teddy Roosevelt (Republican), Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) and Waren Hardwig (Republican). Note how four of the five presidents are Republicans. Manhattan Transfer brings this up very well by showing that the common people supported this party because it stood for the traditional ways. This was very popular with second and third generation immigrants because they did not want change but for the newly landed immigrants this was not what they wanted. They had come to America to find streets covered in gold but when they got there they found nothing but poverty. Manhattan Transfer showed clearly how the United States benefitted from the war with the Germans. Their economy was greatly stimulated and they became the world's largest creditor. SYNOPSIS: This book does not have a plot as such. It is more the story of life in New York City from 4 different points of view. There are four main groups of

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay Free Online Research Papers Sex is the one biological process that is completely necessary for the perpetuation of humankind. We, as a race, can eat well, sleep well, drink well, and even love well, but without the capacity to reproduce we cannot continue beyond a single generation. Yet the reproductive component of sex sometimes takes a backseat to more complicated subjects such as intimacy, love, and sexual gratification when considering sex across different stages of life. Indeed, John Barrymore (n.d.), the great profile, once quipped, Sex: the thing that takes up the least amount of time and causes the most amount of trouble (p. 2). However emotionally and psychologically complicated sexual intercourse might be, sex still maintains a prominent and even necessary position in human lives from adolescences, through disabilities, and into the later years. Anna The earlier a person dates during adolescence the greater chance that they will engage in sex during high school (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Teens who engage in sexual intercourse earlier are also at higher risk for unwanted pregnancies. If a teen is found in the position of unwanted pregnancy and decides to keep the child, then they are more likely to have to abandon school before graduation. Nevertheless, these statistics do not mandate that early adolescent sexual relationships all end in an unwanted pregnancy and the loss of education. Quite the opposite, the aforementioned numbers simply serve to highlight the fact that there is a foreseeable pattern of events that can lead to unwanted, teenage pregnancies. In order to beat the odds certain precautions must be taken to ensure both physical and mental stability throughout the adolescent years and into the young adult years. It might also be  helpful to know that about 24% of teen women sampled in a particular study said that they engaged in sex with their partners only because the other partner wanted to have sex (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). So this situation is not so uncommon. Apparently many young ladies are dealing with exactly what you are dealing with. However, it is absolutely necessary that parents are involved in the discussion of sex in an adolescents life. On the same note, it is also important that parents be open and understanding when addressing concerns of teen sex. The best course of action to take would be to sit down with your parents and have a frank, open conversation about contraception, relationships, and most importantly the young man in your life. Tom and Susan One particularly study maintains that at the age of sixty 94% of men and 84% of women remain sexually active (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Moreover, of those that remain sexually active past sixty 74% of men and 70% of women claim that sexual satisfaction in their later years surpasses their sexual satisfaction in their earlier years. These two statistics serve to illustrate the dual points that sex is not uncommon in those past 60 and that sex is more likely than not to be a satisfying experience for those over 60. As we all know physical changes take place when transitioning from the middle years of our lifes into our later years. For instance, men might find in their later years that it is more difficult to obtain an erection and even more difficult to maintain an erection. Women may discover a drop in vaginal lubrication and elevated vaginal irritation during intercourse. However, like my mother used to say: when life gives you lemons make lemonade. Both the changes in male and female sexuality can become advantages in later years rather than vices. What are the two biggest sexual complaints of young, married couples? What were yours? I have heard many times from men that they lament reaching orgasm so quickly and cant fully enjoy sexual experiences with their partners as a result. Young women have expressed grief that they cannot reach orgasm quick enough during sexual intercourse. Now that you are both more advanced in years you have the opportunity to enjoy sexual intercourse in a much more fulfilling way. Since more stimulation is required for you, Tom, to obtain and maintain an erection you should have plenty of time to enjoy sexual intercourse before reaching orgasm. Likewise, Susan, the decrease in vaginal lubrication will act to make the vaginal walls much more sensitive, which should allow you to reach orgasm much more readily than in your younger years. These changes are a gift, not a curse. Bill Researchers have consistently found that three-quarters of those paralyzed as a result of spinal cord injuries are able to achieve an erection, but only 10% are able to achieve natural ejaculation (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). This can be explained, in part, because even though feeling has been lost below the waist reflexive erections, those who obtain through direct tactile stimulation of the penis, can be obtained and maintain throughout sexual intercourse. This is possible because the sacral erection center is located in the bottom portion of the spinal cord and is therefore still connected to the male reproductive system. However, if for some reason penile erection cannot be obtained other sexual areas of the body can be utilized for sexual stimulation. Areas such as the ears, neck, and even nipples can produce erotic sensations. Sexuality for those who have incurred spinal cord injuries is quite possible and even desirable when engaging in an intimate relationship with someone. Conclusion In conclusion, the subject of sex encompasses far more areas than just reproduction. Intimacy, sexual gratification, and sexual difficulties all play a prominent role in the discussion of sex as it pertains to adolescence, disabilities, and sex in the later years. As George Burns (n.d.) once said, Sex can be fun after eighty, after ninety, and after lunch! (p. 2). References Barrymore, J. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2008, from Quoteland Website: quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_ID=1056 Burns, G. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2008, from Quoteland Website: quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_ID=391 Rathus, S.A., Nevid, J.S., and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2005). Human sexuality in a world of diversity. (6th ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Research Papers on Sexuality at Different Life Stages EssayJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileSexually Transmitted DiseasesIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofThe Broken FamilyChildhood Obesity EssayLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesLogic and Perception EssayThe Equal Rights AmendmentWho has Impacted Your Life the Most EssayCombating Human Trafficking

Manage Multiple Marketing Clients In One Platform With CoSchedule

Manage Multiple Marketing Clients In One Platform With Managing a hundred different clients†¦ With a million different platforms†¦ is NO cakewalk. You’re constantly jumping from tool to tool†¦ †¦attempting to keep track of a thousand moving parts AND every associated deadline†¦ you’re running from client to client†¦ (with new projects to add to your workload after every visit) and it’s enough to make you feel like your head is spinning. *sigh* But what if there was a way you could manage all your clients in ONE place? Where you could integrate all your marketing platforms†¦ easily manage your workflows + track deadlines†¦ AND have some kick butt analytics to show your clients how *amazing* you are. Too good to be true? Think again :) How To Manage All Your Clients On ONE Platform, Increase Productivity, And Get Crazy OrganizedIntroducing For Agencies! AKA your one stop marketing shop to keep your sanity intact and keep your agency workin’ like a well-oiled marketing machine. With for Agencies, you can: Manage all your clients in ONE place. Eliminate the need for spreadsheets, email threads, and multiple platforms! Get all your clients under one roof. Make it easy for you, your clients, AND  your team to collaborate, manage projects, and get  sh*t  done. Simplify your team’s workflows and collaboration. With custom integrations, team member approvals, and streamlined communication, you can easily facilitate real time collaboration with your clients, stay on track with project tasks, and execute on projects faster. Customize to fit your needs. is designed for flexibility. And as your clientele grows, so should your calendar. With three tiers of multi-calendar plans, makes it easy to scale your plan to fit your client’s unique needs! Improve client retention with data driven results. No more warm fuzzies! Prove the value of all your hard work with real data. Utilize ’s most advanced analytics to measure your success and improve client retention†¦.(without all the tedious data collection). Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen, manage  all your clients on ONE platform,  and get your agency super organized in the process. Let’s jump into the deets!

Solar Powered Fridge Technical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solar Powered Fridge Technical Report - Essay Example However majority of the mankind which lives in the developing or third world countries has just recently woken up to the benefits of refrigeration. As these countries continue to grow rapidly, their people will require refrigeration in some form or other. Refrigeration is required not only for keeping food fresh but is also needed for transportation of perishable products like meat, milk etc (score.uk, 2013). Although the need for refrigeration is huge, third world countries are suffering from immense energy crisis. Most of these countries do not have the resources to provide electricity to the entire population. Where electricity is available, there are problem of irregular supply and voltage problems. A huge amount of capital is also required to set up power plants in order to provide electricity to all. Such huge amounts of capital are rarely available in third world countries. After the Kyoto protocol, there is also a raised concern of environmental sustainability of economic gro wth. The model of growth being followed by developed nation is simply not sustainable. Solar power addresses both these concerns – neither does it require immense investment to ensure electricity supply nor does it harm the environment. Solar powered refrigerators thus provide an ideal solution to the refrigeration needs of the third world countries. This paper discusses the functioning of a solar powered refrigerator. It discusses the 2 prototypes - Evaporative Cooler fridge and absorption based heat driven coolers. Evaporative Cooler Fridge The most amazing thing about an Evaporative cooler fridge is its simplicity. It is very simple to make and can be made with the use of minimal resources in third world countries. The diagram of an evaporative cooler fridge is shown below – Source: (score.uk, 2013) Construction The fridge consists of 2 cylinders. The outer cylinder can be made up of cardboard, plastic or any other material. It should have a lot of holes in it to al low the maximum access to solar energy .The inner cylinder should be made up of a good conductor of heat. Iron or steel are the best possible materials which are easily available and also good conductors of heat. The inner cylinder should not have any holes. The space between the two cylinders needs to be filled up with a material which is a good absorber of water. Sand and wool works best here. Food or any other material which needs to be kept cool should be kept in the inner cylinder. The next section explains the working of this refrigerator. Working This fridge works on the simple principle of evaporation of water and conduction of heat. In order to â€Å"start the fridge†; pour water in the space between the two cylinders. This water will be soaked by the sand. It is important to fill the space with sand in order to allow slow evaporation of water and ensure that minimum refills are required for the successful working of the refrigerator. As solar energy falls on the san d evaporation of water from the sand takes place. As water evaporates, the process of conduction of heat will ensure that heat is extracted from the inner chamber in order to help the water evaporate. This conduction of heat will keep the chamber cold and the products inside fresh. The chamber can attain temperature of up to 6 degrees. In order to ensure that the fridge keeps working, the

Outline and evaluate the negotiating skills you have used Essay

Outline and evaluate the negotiating skills you have used - Essay Example Specified means of negotiations can be utilized in numerous situations, be it in legal systems, industrial disputes, government, or domestic relationships. General negotiation skills are learned and applied in an extensive range of activities to resolve any difference that arise in a work place. I was working in the United Credit Bank in Azerbaijan, during my internship, where I used to deal with the reporting process. On several occasions, I used my negotiation skills to be permitted to make some significant changes in my reports. However, it could have been more successful if I could have identified these issues prior to producing the report, so I wouldn’t need to enquire from my manager to give me permission for making the changes in the reports. As much as the idea was not viewed negatively by my manager, I realized that I could have behaved in a more successful way. Some of the negotiating skills I used include the following: Preparation First, I used to prepare myself fo r the negotiations by deciding on when and where I would meet my manager after writing my reports. At this stage, I also used to limit the time I could use when asking her of any issues to prevent any disagreement and unnecessary conversations between the two of us. I always made sure that I have gone through my reports especially those concerning any monetary records to be fully aware of the facts so that it could be easier for me to clarify my position to the manager. In this context, I specifically went through the rules and regulations of the bank and made sure they were on my fingertips to prove that I had not violated any policy. By this, my boss could not spend much time trying to clarify information that she expected I was familiar with (Nadler, 2003). Analyzing the problem As a bank employee at that time, I had to ensure that my internship become successful, hence I took my time to determine what my manager really expected of me. Before I could approach her, I used to analy ze the issues in my reports, especially in record keeping so that both our interests could not disagree. I often detailed by analysis by identifying the interested parties, such as the manager herself, the auditor, and other executives, and spot out the issues they could have criticized. However, sometimes I could not single out the real issues as required. Active listening during discussions Putting in mind that I often did not spot out the actual issues of concern, I could forward my cases exactly the way I saw them. Major skills used here included questioning, clarifying, and listening to my manager. Sometimes I could take notes as she explained to record important points put forward just in case I needed more clearing up. Nevertheless, it came to my notice that I rarely applied this skill efficiently because I tented to concentrate more on noting than listening. This led to hardships at some points as she could end up talking too much than I expected and that I never got an equa l chance to present my case as she always did. Another impact I noted when I seemed to write much and listen less was that I failed to notice her body language, which could have enabled me to know if she was happy with my questions or if she demonstrated something important. She could at times forbid me from writing and use my pen to illustrate her point by rectifying the issues in my reports, and this is when I often concentrated. Control of emotions The United Credit Bank of Azerbaijan is a large bank with many daily activities and

Rescuing Communication via Surprise and Delight Essay -- Communication

Though ironically praised for its power in being able to bring people together, technology is inevitably ruining the art of raw human interaction. Many services that once required face-to-face communication have been replaced by the workings of a sort of technological machine. The in-store shopping experience is now possible on the internet. Virtual classrooms make it possible for people to learn at home in front of their computer outside of a school setting. Just the simple concept of face-to-face communication has had many tool replacements, such as phone, text message, instant message, and e-mail. Because human services are being replaced by technology, human relationships and interaction are being hugely impacted. Design is a unique ‘service’ often striving to solve problems relating to communication. The solutions to these problems generally depend on both technology and human interaction. In this world with technology rapidly growing and human interaction rapidly declining, designers hold a responsibility and exciting opportunity to change the way people interact with each other. When technology as a means of communication was first introduced there was a definite sense of surprise and delight due to the evident mystery and whimsy. Instant messenger, e-mail, and even text messaging are understood concepts, quotidian, and boring. The passà © notion of the hand written letter became defunct with the introduction of e-mail. Now, with e-mail being normal and expected, receiving a hand written letter in the mail is exciting and delightful. Similarly, the anonymous presence behind a screen is no longer exciting, but rather cold and sad on a psychological level. Selected works by Christine Hill, Keetra Dean Dixon, and Local Proj... ...s Du Rà ©el, 2002. Print. Designing Minds. Perf. Keetra Dean Dixon. ADC YOUNG GUN. Adobe, 28 Jan. 2009. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. . Episode 320: Christine Hill. Bad at Sports. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. . "From K to J - Photobooth - About the Booth." Keetra Dean Dixon & JK Keller Shop — Home. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. . Hill, Christine. Inventory: the Work of Christine Hill and Volksboutique. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2002. Print. Local Projects. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. . Projects, Choosing Local. "Local Projects." Print Magazine. Web. 17 Dec. 2011. . Volksboutique. Christine Hill. Web. .

How Advertising Influence Youth Attitude Toward Dressing

Summer training Report on How advertising influence youth attitude toward dressing UNDER GUIDANCE Mr. Vishal Jain MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (RETAIL MARKETING) SUBMITTED BY Mr. TARUN KUMAR REG. No. 720593065 PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY JALANDHAR (Punjab) ACKNOWLEGEMENT Through this seminar report I want to throw the light on the topic â€Å"How advertising influence youth attitude towards dressing†, it gives me immense pleasure to present my training survey report before my mentors. With deep sense of gratitude I would like to take this opportunities thank my honorable project guide Mr.Vishal Jain This report incorporates many developments, which have taken place in the field of advertising as well as fashion during last 25 or 50 years or so. I have therefore tried to provide a report, which gives a precise and up-to-date view of marketing in a lucid and novel style. It is an attempt to correlate the modern marketing strategies and factual part of the business. Later on while discussing the reactions of various classes of people, the interplay of marketing and advertising factors, which profoundly influence the behavior of people’s buying a product, has been duly emphasized.Everything has been presented in a simplified and refined form, illustrated by well-chosen representative examples. Throughout the report, presentation of material has been sharpened by inclusion of data report. I have made a very sincere attempt towards clear understanding of the report. My inexpressible gratitude is to the supreme guide who enables me to bring up my ideas into the concrete forms. Many people have contributed in the preparation of the report. I express my sincerest thanks and indebtedness to Ms. Gagandeep for inspiring me in the development of my project.I will be very grateful to my mentors and seniors and inquisitive executives for constructive criticism of report and their suggestions for its further improvement. My heartfelt thanks are due to them. Tarun Kumar CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY 3. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 4. MONTE CARLO & COTTON COUNTY 5. NEW ARRIVALS 6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7. INDIAN DRESSING 8. COSTUMES FOR BOYS 9. NEED OF MARKETING STRATEGIES 10. ORGANISATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIES 11. OBJECTIVES & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 12. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY. 13. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 14. CONCLUSION 15. BIBLOGRAPHY 16.QUESTIONAIRE INTRODUCTION Hearing is to forgetting, seeing is to remembering, doing is to understanding. Advertising is both an art and a business it tells the public at large about the availability of a product usually a consumer article and persuades the people through oral, visual and emotional appeals to buy the product. It presents an article in an attractive, respectable and highly useful way. Yet, like other arts it lies in concealing itself. To put it differently, advertisement of a certain product persuades us in a subtle way that we accept its publicized virtues as facts.Wearing clothes with prestigious brand names seems to be very important for adolescents. This phenomenon was studied in the context of consumer socialization by examining the influence of three socialization agents, namely parents, peers and TV, on the development of French Canadian adolescents' brand sensitivity and their relative importance. Controlling for socio-economic variables, multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for boys and for girls. For both genders, brand sensitivity is related to peer influence. Girls' brand sensitivity is related to the importance fathers give to clothing brands.TV exposure is not related to adolescents' brand sensitivity. For boys and girls, peers represent the most important predictor of this consumer socialization. The results are discussed in the light of social and economic pressures and family relationships. Advertising influences the youth attitude towards dressing to a larger extent and has broad impact on the society and outlook of an individua l personality. Fashions in dress have been current since the dawn of civilization. Fashions are meant to demonstrate the status of a person.Advertisements make an appeal to our emotions and desires by associating the advertised brands with popular personalities such as film stars and sportsman. The style of advertising about the dresses combines pictures or cartoons with fine catchy phrases, musical tunes, and voice of advertising model, strong visual appeal. That is why they are most popular and most expensive of all. Advertising influences consumer’s subconscious mind. Youth tries to immediate the dressing sense of celebrities. Advertising has revolutionized the market of garment manufacturing.In advertising everything is done to fetch the eyes of consumers and push up the sales. That’s why â€Å"William Shakespeare† remarked, â€Å"apparel ost proclaims the man†. Summarizing, in a nutshell here is a report, which has been made by thoroughly studying al l the aspects of advertising world, Youth attitude towards dressing, market study etc. healthy criticism of the report is always welcomed. HISTORY Ludhiana is an important knitwear center located in North state of Punjab (about 400km from Delhi). More than half of the country’s hosiery products are supplied from here.Commonly known as the Manchester of India and also as the industrial capital of small scale industry, the city has a business community that has proved its entrepreneurial strength all over the world. It has a long history in producing knitwear for the Indian market and is known for its woolen/blended knitwear including sweaters, pullovers etc. The word ‘knitwear’ is derived from the word ‘hose', which means tubular that describes the shape in which the fabric was knitted, especially for socks. The first woolen knitwear unit was probably established in the last decade of the nineteenth century (maybe 1894) in Ludhiana for manufacturing socks.So me others put the date as in the first decade of the twentieth century. Its origin can be traced to migrants from Kashmir, who settled in Ludhiana after a famine in Kashmir in 1933. These migrants brought with them skill of weave fine woolen fabrics and embroidery. Their skills were commercialized by the local traders who sought markets within Punjab and beyond. In 1935, the industry saw its first change with circular knitting machines introduced in the industry. They started manufacturing sweaters on these machines with cotton used as raw material.The second turning point in the history of this cluster was the introduction of Flat Knitting machines during 1940s and during the same period, the industry started importing wool for manufacturing woolen products. The Ludhiana knitwear industry cluster developed during the second world war, when the woolen jerseys were in great demand. In 1947 the Muslim population that migrated to Pakistan after partition, owned most of the machines so then the local population and the immigrants from Pakistan sustained this industry. Trade grew smoothly for next four decades. Myanmar was a very important market for Ludhiana knitwear till the 1950 i. . before the Myanmar Government imposed import restrictions. In the same year the Government of India also imposed restriction on imports and most of the inputs i. e. machines, needles etc at that time were being imported. The import restriction thus fostered development of indigenous machine manufacturers, spinning mills etc. Before the breakup of Russia into CIS, it was the largest market for the woolens made in Ludhiana. The breaking up of Russia forced Ludhiana to explore for new markets. Till then the focus of the cluster was largely on woolen products in the lower priced segment.During the period of 1980s, the industry saw another change with introduction of automatic and computerised knitting machines. During 1981, the State government had set up a knitwear center with technica l and financial assistance from UNDP and UNIDO, housing the most modern technology and equipment. The collapse of Russian market resulted in a major shakeout in the industry and several leading manufacturers were forced out of business altogether. At the same time the crises created a new generation of manufacturers, who learnt from Tirupur, Delhi and Bombay to thrive by shifting their business from winter wear to summer wear.This paradigm shift eventually resulted in Ludhiana becoming more of a cotton and summer wear manufacturing center, while retaining its dominance in the domestic woolen market. Ludhiana has seen an enormous industrial growth in the last 8 years due to significant improvements in the law and order situation and a conducive atmosphere for Industrial growth. In order to attract the entrepreneurs to set industries, the State Government is providing benefits such as industrial parks and industrial estates as focal points. Although it is a highly labour intensive ind ustry yet there is no systematic approach for providing training to the work force.The importance of the Ludhiana knitwear cluster is evident from the following facts: *There are about 12000 small-scale units in the Ludhiana cluster *The total fixed investment in plant and machinery is Rs 300crores *Per capita investment in plant and machinery is Rs. 2. 13 lakh *The cluster is producing products worth Rs 5000 crores in a year. *The cluster provides direct and indirect employment to nearly 5 lakh persons *Per capita employment is 28 persons *The value of exports is around Rs 1300crores *Knitwear exports from Ludhiana has been growing at the rate of 25% since 1995 *Its share in total garment exports from India is around 3% More than 90% of woolen knitwear production of the country is from Ludhiana This sector comprises of some big organised composite manufacturers like Oswal Woolen Mills, Oswal Knit India (Pringle), Greatway, R N Oswal, Pee Jay International etc. that have a capacity of 0. 5 – 1. 0 million pieces each. In addition there are numerous medium and small scale units catering to local and export markets. The small-scale units are engaged in various activities like spinning of yarn, dyeing and processing of yarn and fabric, knitting, cutting, button holing and button stitching, washing and dry cleaning and label manufacturing.This sector is a perfect example of ancillarisation and sub contacting in the country. The deep rooted knitwear industry in Ludhiana consists of both circular and flat bed knitting capacity. Structured knits, jacquards and fancy knits are especially from this centre. Auto stripers, velour & feeder stripers are other available options. Cottons, acrylics, rayon blends & woolen knitwear production is facilitated by an easy access to yarn production in the same region. The overall technological status is very low barring a few enterprises. The machinery and equipments are locally manufactured and are low in efficiency and quali ty.The dyeing and finishing technology is highly polluting and consumes high amounts of energy and water. The knitwear industry of Ludhiana which has emerged as the largest self-sufficient sector in itself and has a huge potential of maturing into an eminent industrial name. Considering the size and potential of the Ludhiana Knitwear industry, it can be safely said that it will have a significant role to play in the changing global trading environment. It is therefore high time for the industry to become globally competitive and to make concentrated efforts. Analysis of Business Operations ProductThe Ludhiana knitwear industry is a well-diversified industry. Product-wise it can be divided into two main sectors i. e. summer wear and winter wear. The main product for winter wear are sweaters, woolen socks, pullovers, cardigans, thermal wear, gloves, muffler, baret caps, shawls, jackets, jersey, and blankets, while for the summer wear the main product are T-shirts, cotton and blended s ocks, under garments, knitted bed sheet, knitted skirts, knitted tops, sports wear, night suits etc. Semiformal knitted made from double mercerized cottons blended with viscose and bed linen made for summer wear also fall into product basket of the Ludhiana luster. Raw material Most of the raw material is locally available. Cotton, Wool, Acrylic, Polyester, Nylon and Viscose are the main raw material used in the knitwear industry. Cotton is available in abundance as India is producing 1. 6 to 1. 7 million bales of cotton every year. But due to poor quality of Indian wool, generally the pure wool is imported from Australia, New Zealand or South Africa. Other synthetic fibres like Acrylic, Polyester, Nylon and Viscose are available indigenously. There are about 200 spinning units, which produce cotton, woolen and blended yarns. About 25% yarn is also exported from Ludhiana.With increased level of Awareness through various exposure visits to Italy and China and interaction with the int ernational buyers, Ludhiana manufacturers have begun to use new fashion varieties of yarn. The firms are either importing these new varieties of yarns from China, Australia and New Zealand or producing them in-house. Feather yarn and Crotchet yarn are examples of newly developed yarns. There is some collective yarn import also being done at Ludhiana. The fabrics used in the summer wear are locally knitted and use pure and blended cotton yarns and also synthetic yarns such as polyester, polyester cotton, polyester viscose etc.Besides the above, there are various embellishments and materials requirement in the industry such as buttons, zip fasteners, sewing threads, thread lining materials, tapes, laces, labels, packaging material etc. that are easily available in India though not of very high quality in Ludhiana. In the dyeing sector, various dyes and chemicals are used for processing and finishing of yarns, fabrics and garments. Machines Ludhiana has about 4000 circular knitting mac hines out of which 1500 are fully automatic. There are about 500 flat computerized, 120 fully fashion and 50 to 60 thousand hand flat knitting machines.There are local manufacturers who not only cater to the Ludhiana market but also supply throughout India. Many of the manufacturers having financial muscle import machinery from Italy, Germany, Taiwan, Korea etc. Of late there has been a provision of importing second hand reconditioned machinery from these nations under the TUFS scheme and many units are availing this facility. This machinery is much ahead of what is called ‘advance’ in the Indian context. This gives a technological uplift to the industry and in turn increases the quality of the produce.There are 300 small and medium process houses. Most of them are traditional dyeing plants using hank dyeing. The number of package and fabric dyeing units are very few. The machinery used in dyeing is mostly indigenous while a lot of imported. Machinery is being used in f inishing despite the fact that there is 25% import duty on machines. The import duty on the spare parts of these imported machines is 52% which means that the maintenance of these machines becomes a costly affair and is thus a detaining factor. There are around 25 units that are using imported machinery only.The machinery that is locally available does not match the quality and productivity being offered by the foreign suppliers. Some of the manufacturers feel that this duty structure is a result of deliberate efforts to dump machinery. The machinery being imported is through indenters, which are around 25 in number. Direct machinery import is almost negligible. These indenters also give after sale service. Workforce: The Ludhiana knitwear industry is highly labour-intensive. It is estimated that the Industry has employed 5lakh persons.Out of which, more then 2lakh are employed Indirectly. The concept of contracted labour prevails in the industry because of it being a seasonal indus try and also to avoid the factories act. These indirect activities are related to the forward and backward linkages within the industry such as tailoring, embroidery, packaging, retailing and marketing etc. The labour available is migratory labour and is mostly unskilled. Though there are training courses being run locally, these are not being extensively used. Women workers, a major equirement of the garment industry is only 2% in number at Ludhiana. Although the biased attitude of the entrepreneurs towards women has been largely taken care of yet there is much to be done. Technical workforce is available but technical inputs are mostly given by the entrepreneur themselves who have practical industry experience and better knowledge gained by secondary sources. This is the reason why training levels are negligible in the cluster. The salary levels are low and despite the availability of professionals, their employment is very limited.There is a lack of professional attitude amongst the managers and is being taken care of by unit level training programmes. Entrepreneurial Background: Most of the entrepreneurs in Ludhiana are self-made businessmen, who learnt the job while serving as workers in other units. Most of them lacked any technical or professional qualifications. Although these owners do not possess any formal technical education, their knowledge of materials, machinery and products is considerable. The owners perform all basic functions of marketing, procurement and finance.This is precisely the reason why they do not want to appoint professionals or believe in training. The coming up second generation is again a mixed category, with some of them having professional qualifications before entering the family business, while others joining at an early age with shop floor and hands-on experience. The decision making powers are vested with the entrepreneur themselves. There is no delegation of authority and the amount of trust posed in the employees is ver y less. Production There are huge but fragmented capacities in the cluster and not much of subcontracting prevails.Thus the capacity utilization is very low. It is 40% in units operating computerized machines while 80% in hand flat machines that are suitable for value added niche products. More than 60% of the units are working either as ancillary or vendors to their mother units. There is less differentiation with thrust on knit structures, silhouettes, shades and patterns, which are limited in range. This is a seasonal industry and the production capacity utilization is remarkably low in the lean season, which is from December to April for winter wear. Delivery schedules are seldom adhered to. DesigningProfessionally qualified as well as experienced designers are available in the industry. Local institutes like Pinnacle, JD Institute and NIFD are serving the industry actively. But still Ludhiana is lacking in new designs because of no efforts being put on research & development. M ost of the small entrepreneurs prefer doing this job themselves. The big ones, who are interested in keeping themselves abreast with latest trends visit nearby countries like Hong-Kong and Singapore to pick up some of the latest available samples. These are then modified to suit the needs of domestic market as well as that of some developing countries for exports.The importers of developed countries usually provide their designs themselves. A proposal for collaboration with international institute likes CITER (Italy) & FIT (US) is under pipeline. Infrastructure Ludhiana is very poor as far as infrastructure facilities are concerned. The only airport, which is near to Ludhiana is not functional at the moment and it is required to increase its status from domestic to international airport. An international level exhibition centre for buyer-seller meets is needed so that it is easier for the buyers from abroad to visit Ludhiana. There are no proper facilities for labour force.Due to sc attered location of industries, the common effluent treatment plants do not work. Some units have installed them individually but they are working at much lower capacities. The conditions of roads is very poor and even the sewers are not laid down in some areas. The power supply is very erratic and very costly. Very recently this has been hiked by around 4%. Even the use of generator sets commands heavy taxes. There are no common facilities. MOT has announced a couple of schemes like TCIDS wherein the industry has to give a matching contribution. The cluster has already submitted a proposal in this respect.In some areas, the associations have even pooled in resources for laying down roads and sewers. Finance Most of the units are financially independent with a strong base. Loans are easily available from banks and other financial institutions but preference is given to private financiers who provide loans at a higher rate. This is largely to hide the illegal business transactions. V arious banks such as the SBI under its UPTECH programme is giving soft loans on their PLR and contributing initial Rs. 1 Lakh in terms of equity for technical up-gradation of units. Marketing Marketing is a very weak feature of the Ludhiana cluster.At the outset, there is no distinction between the manufacturer and the marketer. There are a few firms who are selling directly through their own retail outlets such as Duke, Sportking or through marketing channels such as Monte Carlo, Pringle, Jain Udhay, Neva etc. Many units are doing job work for big brands such as Raymonds, Wills, Allen Solly, Esprit etc. Every year in two phases i. e. in January for summers and in July for winters, the manufacturers do their sampling and procure orders by displaying these in hotels at Delhi where they invite their prospective retailers.A huge amount is spent in this process. An initiative in this respect has been taken by a few of the manufacturers in terms of collective and negotiated hotel booking s. It is being planned to conduct these meets in a collective fashion, which will reduce the cost of this activity. There is also a lot of price undercutting in the cluster. There is no emphasis on branding and this largely reduces the margins because the maximum value addition in chain is at this stage. To overcome this problem, a collective marketing and common branding project has been planned.There is very less participation in domestic trade fairs and the international ones are also seldom visited to get a feel of the market trends. The marketing in the export sector is targeted mainly at the buying houses. There are very few units that are directly marketing in the international market. Domestic market Ludhiana knitwear industry is doing Rs. 3629 crores business in the domestic market. 95% domestic demand for woolen knitwear is fulfilled by the Ludhiana cluster alone. The main markets for Ludhiana knitwear industry are high-end domestic markets in Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Luc know and Kanpur.There is also a low-end middle income mass domestic market including immigrants from Tibet and Nepal. Another major market are the Government Departments, primarily defence and police, that is routed through tenders announced by these departments. Export market The global knitwear market is of about 200 billion USD. Export of knitwear from Ludhiana is of about Rs. 1371 crores. The main foreign markets for Ludhiana knitwear industry are the high quality conscious Americans, Europeans and the market of the CIS countries. USA and EU are high fashion and design markets.The export being done to American and EU nations is primarily job work for big brands wherein the designs are provided by the buyers. There is very less export being done with manufacturer’s own label and that too is limited to Middle East and CIS nations only. The Middle East markets are low quality markets. An important feature of the knitwear export from Ludhiana is that almost 90% of export is c arried out by the manufacturer exporters. There are very few merchant exporters. Around 25% of the yarn is also exported. There is a huge demand for synthetic fibres in the European nations.These possibilities have not been exploited so far. Role of marketing agents Marketing agents are basically catering to the requirements of the domestic markets, both high-end and low-end middle-income segments. They provide two kinds of important services to the entrepreneurs; firstly they source orders from distant buyers and secondly they serve as a guarantor of the buyer for the manufactures. They are responsible for collection of money from the buyers after expiry of credit limit. In case of dispute, they reimburse 50 percent of entrepreneur's dead payment. The intermediaries take away around 6% of the sales as commission.This indirect link limits the feedback received from the final customers and results in low customer loyalty, besides reducing the profit margins. Decentralized sector The knitwear industry in Ludhiana is highly decentralized & varies in size. The small knitwear units are located in residential areas around Sunder Nagar, Madhopuri, Brahmpuri, Shivpuri, Purana Bazar and Bahadur ke road. The medium and large units are generally located in the outskirts of Ludhiana in the Industrial Area, Focal Point, Chandigarh Road or Jalandhar road. Most of the units are based in the residential areas converted into commercial places.Only a few big units have their production units in eleven of the Government promoted industrial estates in the Ludhiana district. There is no exclusive industrial estate in the city for knitwear units. Research and development There is no stress on R&D activities in the cluster. The R&D is only in terms of new varieties and finishes of yarns and in terms of technology up-gradation. An exhibition on latest yarns was organized, where Chinese and Indian firms displayed their innovations. This created some awareness but the cluster still nee ds to put in more effort in this. Taxes and DutiesThere is chain of taxes on industry which are stated as under 1. Excise duty on fibers – 12% 2. Excise duty on yarn(12%) / Excise duty on polyester filament yarn (34 %) so average duty on yarn – 23% 3. Sales tax on yarn – 4. 4% 4. Sales tax on Ready made & knitwear – 4 TOTAL (of 1+2+3+4) – 66. 8% Proposed Entry tax on yarn – 4. 4% The knitters and weavers of grey fabric can pay excise duty on an optional basis. The rate of excise duty on fabric, made ups and garments is 12%. This special Dispensation shall continue up to 28th Feb 2005. The industrial fabrics would however continue at 16%.The Hand processing of textile fabric by independent Processors is exempted from excise duty even there is use of power in three Specified processes i. e. scouring, hydro-extraction and calendaring in the case of Cotton and man made fabrics. Policies and regulations †¢EXIM Policy 2002 – 2007: In t he EXIM policy 2002 – 2005, Ludhiana has been awarded the status of town of export excellence for woolen knitwear. This will entitle Ludhiana cluster for the following benefits: – Recognized association of units will be able to access funds under MAI (Market access initiative scheme) for creating focused technological services.Funds will also be available for undertaking market promotion efforts on country Product basis. – Receive priority for assistance in identified critical infrastructure gaps. There are two schemes namely Apparel Integrated Park for Exports and the Textile Center Infrastructure building scheme under which 37 crores of funding is available. Various benefits will be extended to the member units as relaxation in labour laws, common facilities etc. – Sample fabrics permitted duty free within 3% limit for trimming & embellishment and 10 % variation in GSM to be allowed for fabric under advance license.Additional items such as zip fastness, inlay cards, evelets, rivets, eves, toggles, velcro-tape, cord & cord stopper are included in input output norms. – DEPB rates are permitted for all kinds of blended fabrics. Such blended fabrics are to have the lowest rate as applicable to different constituent fabric. Oswal Woollen Mills Limited (OWM), the flagship company of the Nahar Group of Companies is expanding its existing capacities by raising funds through a public issue and has obtained SEBI's nod for the issue of up to 8,320,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each through the book built route. The issue comprises of a net issue to the public of up to 8,305,000 equity shares and reservation of up to 15,000 equity shares for subscription by employees. The net issue will constitute 25. 05% of fully diluted post-issue capital of the company,† said Mr. Jawahar Lal Oswal, Managing Director of the company. OWM, was incorporated in 1949 and is a part of Rs. 19,000 million well known industrial conglomerate Nahar Group wh ich also consists of Nahar Spinning Ltd, Nahar Industrial Enterprises Limited, Nahar Exports Ltd and Nahar Capital & Financial Services Limited based at Ludhiana in Punjab.The Group is one of the oldest and well-recognized business houses in India. The Company is one of the pioneers in the organized Indian woollen hosiery industry. OWM made modest beginning as a manufacturer of hosiery items and over the years has emerged as a vertically integrated woollen textile company having presence in diverse markets, with wide range of products including branded woollen hosiery and cotton garments. OWM is the registered owner of well-known brand name ‘Monte Carlo' for selling woollen hosiery and cotton garments which was added to the existing product portfolio in the year 2002.International Society for Super brands has recognized ‘Monte Carlo' as a ‘Superbrand' for woollen hosiery garments since Fiscal 2003. The products in woollen hosiery segment are also sold under the bra nd names of ‘Canterbury' for premium quality woollen hosiery garments while the specialty worsted woollen yarns and hand knitting yarns are sold under the brand name of ‘OWM'. Since March 2006, the company has started manufacture of indigo dyed specialty denim fabric, which has added to the existing range of rich product portfolios.The Company has been certified to conform to the QMS Standard: ISO 9001:2000 by DNV Certification B. V. , Netherlands for the manufacture and supply of dyed and grey tops and yarn in worsted wool, pure wool, lamb wool, acrylic wool blends and polyester wool blends and angora, berthia and serge fabrics. The Company endeavors to strengthen its position in the in the retail sector and it plans to further augment its existing reach of ‘Monte Carlo Exclusive Brand Outlets' by opening additional 106 outlets by Fiscal 2009 from the existing 44 outlets as of now.Further, OWM is contemplating selling denim fabrics to ready-made denim garment manu factures in domestic and international market. From 2007 autumn and winter season, The Company would start production and marketing of fine micron pure merino blended knitted products for children in the age group of one to eight years for the Indian domestic market. In the Fiscal 2006, OWM had commissioned a co-generation power plant with multi fuel capabilities with an installed capacity of 3. MW to meet the entire power requirements of integrated yarn textile manufacturing plant. Post commissioning of this co-generation power plant in addition to cost reduction of power, the company would benefit from uninterrupted availability of power resulting in better quality of yarn and reduction in manufacturing wastage. Under the current expansion plan, it proposes to set up a co-generation power plant with installed capacity of 7. 5 MW, which is expected to meet the full requirements of power for integrated denim operations post expansion. Mr.Kamal Oswal, Director said, â€Å"We also pr opose to increase capacities to manufacture additional 125,000 pieces of wool based knitted and hosiery garments together with additional 4,784 spindles for worsted woollen yarn and also increasing denim fabric weaving capacity to 20 million meters per annum from the present level of 15 million meters per annum. As a backward integration for the denim fabric weaving, we are also setting up a cotton spinning plant with a capacity of 14,400 spindles and 2,160 rotors. † The Book Running Lead Managers to the Issue are UTI Bank Limited and Motilal Oswal Investment Advisors Private Limited.Oswal Woolen Mills NAHAR GROUP, established in 1949 surges ahead to establish it self as a reputed industrial conglomerate with a wide ranging portfolio from Worsted Spinning, Cotton Knitted, and Cotton Woven Garments, Woollen Hosiery Etc. The group has spinning capacity of 0. 4 millions cotton spindles 25000 worsted spindles with turn over of $500 million inclusive of export turnover of $150 mill ion. Out of total production, 60% of the production is dedicated to exports and the rest 40% for domestic market.The production facility have been awarded ISO 9001:2000. Today OWM is the flagship company of the glorious Nahar Empire and a proud owner of widely loved Super Brand in Knitwear, Monte Carlo and Recoganised Super Brand Canterbury. The company boasts of a product portfolio that is truly large and varied. They include diverse types of Woollen, Acrylic and Synthetic Blended Yarns, Lambs Wool Yarn. The markets of NAHAR GROUP are cris crossed allover the globe with major clientele in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Russia and Asia.The objective is meeting the buyers expectations with consistent quality backed by R & D divisions equipped with latest equipment, Cream of highly qualified technocrats and adhering to timely schedules. Today Oswal Woolen Mills LTD. is a company that owes its strength in the market and solidity to foresight of its chairman Sh. Ja wahar Lal Oswal ,the professional inputs of the board of directors and able to team of highly skilled mangers OSWAL WOOLEN MILLS LTD is the Flagship company of over US$500 millions NAHAR GROUP OF COMPANIESOswal Woollen Mills (OWM) is the flagship company of the Rs 2,000 crore Nahar Group, which is an industrial conglomerate with a diversified portfolio that includes spinning, knitting, fabric processing, hosiery garments, knitwear and infrastructure. Starting off as a small hosiery factory in Ludhiana in 1949. It produces a wide range of products, which include diverse type of woollen acrylic, synthetic blend yarns, lamb wool yarn, woollen viscose and acrylic tops, textile fabric, woollen hosiery, thermals, knitwear and cotton Garments. The Company’s infrastructural base includes six factories with a workforce of 10,000 people.OWM has recently become the first domestic company in the country to receive the prestigious ISO- 9001-2000 certification in the designing, knitwear, m anufacturing and supplying category. Oswal Woollen Mills (Spinning Mill) Limited Garment  Manufacturer Oswal Woolen Mills NAHAR GROUP, established in 1949 surges ahead to establish it self as a reputed industrial conglomerate with a wide ranging portfolio from Spinning, Knitting, Fabric, Hosiery Garments etc. Out of total production, 60% of the production is dedicated to exports and the rest 40% for domestic market.The production facility has been awarded ISO 9001:2000. OWM is the flagship company of the glorious Oswal Empire and a proud owner of widely loved Super Brands in Knitwear, Monte Carlo and Canterbury. The company boasts of a product range that is truly large and varied. They include diverse types of Woollen, Acrylic and Synthetic Blended Yarns, Lambs Wool Yarn, Woollen Viscose & Acrylic Tops, Textile Fabric, Woollen Knitwear, Hosiery & Cotton Garments The knitting industry in India can be classified into following groups: †¢ Hosiery knitting for undergarments †¢ Flat knitting for sweaters and winter garments Socks knitting for socks and stockings †¢ Warp knitting for dresses, furnishings and industrial applications In the recent times, knitting sector has undergone enormous modifications that have resulted in an increase in efficiency, ease of operations, use of computer aided designing etc. The various reasons for the growth of knitting industry are as follows: †¢ The capital investment for starting a new knitting unit is relatively small than that required for other fabric producing industries. †¢ High productivity and very low preparatory process as compared to weaving. More flexible and easy changeover of styles and designs to keep up with the frequent fashion changes in apparel market. †¢ Knitted fabrics are comfortable and are in tune with the time. †¢ Knitwear don’t require ironing and thus it gives people a carefree feeling while traveling etc. †¢ Low labour cost per unit as compared to weavin g. †¢ Wider scope of designing in a knitting machine at a lower cost as compared to weaving. Traditionally pure wool was more commonly used for knitted fabrics. But its cost being very high and production being very low, it could not meet the requirements of the increasing population.Due to these constraints, the use of acrylic and other noncostlier fibres like jute have overshadowed wool in the knitting sector. Optimal utilisation of the manufacturing capacities of the industry is required to face the global challenge in terms of quantity and price in the post WTO quota regime. Most of the hosiery/knitwear manufacturing units in India are in the small-scale sector. India is the largest producer of cotton in the world, with Gujarat as a number one cotton producer with a yield of 300-400 kg per hectare. It is expected that within a couple of years, it will touch the mark of 550 kg per hectare.Therefore India has an abundant supply of the basic raw-material for knitwear industry. Presently, the main centers where this industry is located are Ludhiana, Tirupur, Delhi, Culcutta, Banglore, Ahmedabad, Saharanpur, Surat, Kanpur and Mumbai. About 95% of the nation's output of woolen/acrylic knitwear and over two third of its bicycles and parts production comes from Ludhiana. Tirupur is famous for cotton hosiery and most of its produce is exported. Knitwear industry uses various types of yarns like woolen, worsted, cotton, blended and various other types of fancy yarn.However Ludhiana, which is very famous for woolen knitwear makes substantial use of acrylic fiber and less of pure wool because of its high price. This is primarily because wool as a raw material is produced mainly in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand and the import duty on the same is very high. The industry in India mainly imports wool either in its fiber stage, yarn stage or old woolen rags, which are then recycled. In terms of looks and feel for a common user, acrylic and woolen seem to be similar. At present world cloth market stands at 200 billion USD and the share of knitwear is almost 50% of the total market.China has a hold over 24% of the global knitwear trade. While the domestic apparel market in India is around 9 billion USD wherein knitwear has only 15% share. If we analyse the per capita consumption of fabrics, the share of knitted fabrics in the Indian market is around 3% as compared to the world average of 13%. Globally, the per capita consumption of knitted fabrics is 31 kg in the US, 20 kg in the EU & 24 kg in Japan, whereas in India the per capita consumption is 0. 2 kg per annum. This proves that there is huge scope for growth of knitted fabric in India.Significance of knitwear in garment industry The survival of knitwear industry depends on the survival of the garment industry. At present, the knitwear industry has only 43% share in volume of garment industry but the same is increasing at a very fast rate due to the comfort properties of knitted garme nts. As on January 1 2002, there were 50,000 units in India engaged in garment manufacturing, of which 9600 were in the knitted sector and 40,400 in the woven sector. Year 1999 2000 The garment sector in India is growing at the rate of 7. % in volume, but a notable point is that this growth has been largely supported by the growth in the knitted sector at a rate of 11. 4% in volume. Knitwear accounts for 18% of foreign exchange earned by the country from export of all commodities. Garment exports from India in July have registered a growth of 20% in value terms and is at 379 million USD as against 316 million USD, in the same period last year. Both the sectors of the garment industry i. e. knitted and woven have progressed over the last decade & a half but in the later half of the decade, the knitted sector has overtaken the woven sector in terms of volume.Significance in export It is expected that the textile sector would fulfill the export target of Rs. 65,000 crores this year, ou t of which the knitwear contribution will be about 15% – 20%. The union Government has fixed the export target of 50 billion USD for the textile items by the year 2010, the share target for garment is at 50% i. e. 25 billion USD. Country’s Export of garment from Ludhiana region during Jan-December 2001 was 705. 19 crores under quota countries, while export of garment from India was of 21414. 52 crores.Thus the percentage share of Ludhiana in export of garment was only 3. 29 %. The total global garment market is of 198. 7 billion USD. (From clothesline). Destination of export Presently U. S. A. , Canada, South Africa, U. K. , Germany, France and U. A. E are the main destinations for knitwear exports from India. West Europe, Australia, Japan, Middle East, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan & Ukraine countries are big importers of knitted items. Yarn from India is exported to almost the whole of the world but more so to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Korea. CompetitorsCh ina, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka give severe competition to India in the world market. The share of China alone in the world market is 24% while that of India is just 3%. Import Barriers India's import duties on wool fiber, textiles and apparel are highest amongst the world. Duties remain high at all stages of the pipeline and exporters also face nontariff barriers such as special import licenses for wool fabrics etc. The import duty on raw wool is 22% and on wool-top it is 50% with an additional duty of 11. 5% payable on imports. Besides this, the total duty on the wool yarn is 67. %. Import duty on machine is 25% while import duty on machine parts is around 52%. Sometimes the maintenance of imported machine becomes costlier. Because of this, the manufacturers avoid purchasing of modern imported machine. Oswal Woollen Mills Ltd enters capital market [pic] [pic] NEW DELHI: Oswal Woollen Mills Limited (OWM), the flagship company of the Nahar Group of Compan ies is expanding its existing capacities by raising funds through a public issue and has obtained SEBI's nod for the issue of up to 8,320,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each through the book built route. The issue comprises of a net issue to the public of up to 8,305,000 equity shares and reservation of up to 15,000 equity shares for subscription by employees. The net issue will constitute 25. 05% of fully diluted post-issue capital of the company,† said Mr. Jawahar Lal Oswal, Managing Director of the company. OWM, was incorporated in 1949 and is a part of Rs. 19,000 million well known industrial conglomerate Nahar Group which also consists of Nahar Spinning Ltd, Nahar Industrial Enterprises Limited, Nahar Exports Ltd and Nahar Capital & Financial Services Limited based at Ludhiana in Punjab.The Group is one of the oldest and well-recognized business houses in India. The Company is one of the pioneers in the organized Indian woollen hosiery industry. OWM made modest beginning as a manufacturer of hosiery items and over the years has emerged as a vertically integrated woollen textile company having presence in diverse markets, with wide range of products including branded woollen hosiery and cotton garments. OWM is the registered owner of well-known brand name ‘Monte Carlo' for selling woollen hosiery and cotton garments which was added to the existing roduct portfolio in the year 2002. International Society for Superbrands has recognized ‘Monte Carlo' as a ‘Superbrand' for woollen hosiery garments since Fiscal 2003. The products in woollen hosiery segment are also sold under the brand names of ‘Canterbury' for premium quality woollen hosiery garments while the specialty worsted woollen yarns and hand knitting yarns are sold under the brand name of ‘OWM'. Since March 2006, the company has started manufacture of indigo dyed specialty denim fabric, which has added to the existing range of rich product portfolios.The Company has be en certified to conform to the QMS Standard: ISO 9001:2000 by DNV Certification B. V. , Netherlands for the manufacture and supply of dyed and grey tops and yarn in worsted wool, pure wool, lamb wool, acrylic wool blends and polyester wool blends and angora, berthia and serge fabrics. The Company endeavors to strengthen its position in the in the retail sector and it plans to further augment its existing reach of ‘Monte Carlo Exclusive Brand Outlets' by opening additional 100 outlets by Fiscal 2010 from the existing 44 outlets as of now.Further, OWM is contemplating selling denim fabrics to ready-made denim garment manufactures in domestic and international market. From 2007 autumn and winter season, The Company would start production and marketing of fine micron pure merino blended knitted products for children in the age group of one to eight years for the Indian domestic market. In the Fiscal 2006, OWM had commissioned a co-generation power plant with multi fuel capabilitie s with an installed capacity of 3. MW to meet the entire power requirements of integrated yarn textile manufacturing plant. Post commissioning of this co-generation power plant in addition to cost reduction of power, the company would benefit from uninterrupted availability of power resulting in better quality of yarn and reduction in manufacturing wastage. Under the current expansion plan, it proposes to set up a co-generation power plant with installed capacity of 7. 5 MW, which is expected to meet the full requirements of power for integrated denim operations post expansion.Mr. Kamal Oswal, Director said, â€Å"We also propose to increase capacities to manufacture additional 125,000 pieces of wool based knitted and hosiery garments together with additional 4,784 spindles for worsted woollen yarn and also increasing denim fabric weaving capacity to 20 million meters per annum from the present level of 15 million meters per annum. As a backward integration for the denim fabric wea ving, we are also setting up a cotton spinning plant with a capacity of 14,400 spindles and 2,160 rotors. The Book Running Lead Managers to the Issue are UTI Bank Limited and Motilal Oswal Investment Advisors Private Limited. Mr. N. D. Jain, president of the company, announced sale policy of textile products for the year 2007-2008. Mr. Jain informed that the company was manufacturing textile products of highest quality which are best in country. Oswal Woollen Mills Limited (OWM) is the   the flagship company of the Nahar Group of Companies. OWM, was incorporated in 1949 and is a part of Rs. 9,000 million well known industrial conglomerate Nahar Group. The Group is one of the oldest and well-recognized business houses in India. The Company is one of the pioneers in the organized Indian woollen hosiery industry. OWM made modest beginning as a manufacturer of hosiery items and over the years has emerged as a vertically integrated woollen textile company having presence in diverse mar kets, with wide range of products including branded woollen hosiery and cotton garments.OWM is the registered owner of well-known brand name ‘Monte Carlo' for selling woollen hosiery and cotton garments which was added to the existing product portfolio in the year 2002. The products in woollen hosiery segment are also sold under the brand names of ‘Canterbury' for premium quality woollen hosiery garments while the specialty worsted woollen yarns and hand knitting yarns are sold under the brand name of ‘OWM'. Since March 2006, the company has started manufacture of indigo dyed specialty denim fabric, which has added to the existing range of rich product portfolios.The Company has been certified to conform to the QMS Standard: ISO 9001:2000 for the manufacture and supply of dyed and grey tops and yarn in worsted wool, pure wool, lamb wool, acrylic wool blends and polyester wool blends and angora, berthia and serge fabrics. Monte Carlo India – Mens Fashion, For mal Office & Fashion Shirts, T-shirts, Jackets, Womens Cardigans & Sweaters Over the years, Monte Carlo has established itself as a brand name trusted world-wide for its excellence in quality and eminence.Some of our products include sweaters, cardigans, cardigan sweaters, Mens pullovers, T-shirts, trouser, shorts, Womens cardigan sweaters & womens sweater. All our clothes are designed in a manner to give our customers the ultimate feeling of comfort and ecstasy. Our collections also includes a wide range of thermals and track suits India. In our compilation of exquisite clothing and qualitative attires we have variety of jackets India like Womens jackets, sleeveless jackets, Mens jackets & Shirts like fashion shirts, formal shirts, office shirts & wholesale shirts etc. â€Å"Dress up by the ways of world and eat what you please†When getting ready for new day it’s all about looking fresh and feeling energetic. Dressing up in a fine manner and carrying it all with grace is what actually recites the personality and the real â€Å"you†. Styles change every season so there is no point in limiting and sticking to one style but it’s always better to experiment wisely. The dressing style of Men: The clothing styles change every season but there is one constant touch that unleashes the kind of taste you have. When it comes to men’s clothing its important that the colors are right and same goes for the cuts.There are a few basic colors that actually suit men these include blue, black, white, grey, cream etc. Another vital tip for dressing will be to iron your clothes every time you wear them. When dressing up it’s not just about clothes but accessories as well. For that â€Å"ideal look† it’s important to always have a few things like watch, tie, pen, cuff link and tie pin. Once equipped with all above and a positive attitude you are all set to rule the world. The dressing style for Women: Dressing correctly is mo st confusing for women. Be it casuals or formal the only secret to look just â€Å"right† is to be graceful.Although a few rules are standard for both men and women but still they have a wider range to choose from. When dressing up for a normal day its better to sport a simple look accompanied with a few accessories. A light make up with a serene identity is the idea to unite all the positive energies and bring out the confidence. More than any thing else it is mandatory no matter what you wear it should be comfortable because your wardrobe exactly portrays you individual identity. High waist or low waist only thing that matters is to be able to carry it well.All said and done remember be true to yourself. To look trendy and fashionable it’s not important to change your wardrobe with every season what matters is to actually feel â€Å"Trendy†. Shopping Tips Shopping is one of the most favorite hobbies for both men and women. It is regarded as a stress buster act ivity. Despite of its soothing nature shopping can be troublesome at time so here are a few tips that guide you to enjoy the entire experience. †¢ Most importantly you should be dressed casually so that you can easily take off and put back in the dressing room. †¢ If you are not the â€Å"firm† kind and you annot decide by yourself, remember to take a friend with you who can guide you well on what actually suits you. †¢ Until you are not shopping for pleasure remember to make a list of it all and shop only for the things that you need. †¢ Keep trying new styles you never know what suits you until you have an experience; you might surprise yourself. †¢ The best way to make sure that something is comfortable is to actually try it well. When you are about to buy something; move you arms and sit down that will give you a better idea of whether it is worth buying or not. With all the above ideas and tips now you are all set to buy just the right lothing an d that too without any inconvenience. So, Get ready and get going!! How to buy? Find the Item – the website has been designed in a very user friendly manner with all the classification done all you need to do is to choose from the categories and order the product. Keyword Search – in case, you are looking for a particular dress type the item code ore a bit of its description you can access the item using the search option. Learn about the item you found – Before you actually buy the product make sure that you have all the details of the product like †¢ Item no. Its description †¢ Order no. †¢ Price †¢ Images Shipping and Payment Details: Make sure that you have read the details of the product and the Payment Information and other Shipping Instructions. New Arrivals Montecarlo Ladies Collection 08-09 Monte Carlo the flagship   brand   of   Oswal   Woollen   Mills  Ã‚   has  Unveiled its s/s 08-09 collection. Dedicated to women ar e three lines. — Alice in Wonderland, Uber – dona and the New Proportions All the three collections are done by keeping one thing in preview, that it should be for every women,be her a college going girl or ur home maker.Alice’s Wonderland inspired knit collection embodies design , colorful patterns and prints , with soft material and dynamic cuts, colorful threads. Tees in multi-colors and stripes also take their own place. Colors are rich and aristocrat , cardinal reds , majestic purples with off whites and soft ekrus. Browns , turqs and theatrical fucias ginger with light peach, sophisticated rose accents , contrast dusky vintage pinks. Uberdona– A desire for beauty and all the finer things in life. This party collection offers a range of kurtis crafted with extreme fineness and embellished with pearls and shells , metals and threads , flowing fabrics.The New Proportions – A casual daywear – an interplay of clean cut silhouettes , pastels and earthy colors , fine cottons and minimal embroidered patternsPick a shirts or a tunic to dress down for effortlessly stylish daywear and it make sure to steal u a second glance. The trousers are baggy . Tastefully selected pieces lend timelessness and opulence to fashion – that’s what Monte Carlo ‘s / s 09 collection is all about. Price range – Rs 345 onwards – u can’t resist it!! Available – Monte Carlo’s exclusive stores and MBO’s. MonteCarlo Trousers Monte carlo offer more:A perfect timeless look which shines you apart from the crowd. A perfect blend of premium fibres which gives the monte carlo trouser a uniqueness of its own. In the season we present you a complete range of classy chinos , edgy linens ,premium cotton lends bio-polished for a peach skin finish will give an extra smooth feel. The enzyme and silicon in these trousers makes the fabric extremely soft ideal and anti crush makes you feel beginning the day even at the end. A complete gracious range which starts from Rs 699 – Rs 1495. This season Monte Carlo has introduced its new LEXUS(miracle cotton) Wrinkle free Cotton(trousers). hich is made of 2 ply100s California PIMA cotton to give premium lustre and strength, Ultra light, high density, fabric with resin coating makes it a perfect non-iron trouser. New colour lock technology to keep colour fresh & bright wash afyer wash. For sporty look there is multi pocket cargos with different washes. And the Cargo range for men comprises of multi pocket cargos with detailing of snaps, velcros and zippers. Garments are treated with ultra enzyme wash and softeners to provide a trendy washed look and soft hand to the garment to increase the wearing comfort.Canterbury Monte Carlo’s Canterbury is a premium brand that delivers elegance, soft luxury and creativity in intrinsic patterns and styles for those who settle for nothing but the best. The collection liberally uses superior quality of pure cash wool in fine count of eighteen micron. This makes the woollens lightweight and extremely warm. These garments have an excellent hand feel, drape gracefully and fit perfectly on all body types. The Cantebury   collections introduced every season pullovers and cardigans in 100 % pure cashmere wool and cash wool for both men and women.The exciting Canterbury range has exclusive designs that come in unique colour combinations. The designs comprises of intarsia – classic argyles (diamonds shapes) and patterns of checks. Single colour self structure with links and transfers. The collection is available in fusion of urban neutral colours with a predominance of shades in blues, in evergreen greys, the elegance of beiges and brown, dull blues and the bright hues of turquoise. The fall winter 2009-10 collection has more than seventy designs on offer for its customers. Monte Carlo : It’s the way you make me feel Brand : Monte Carlo Company: Oswal Woolen Mi lls Ltd[pic]MonteCarlo is a premium knit wear brand in India. Launched in 1984, this brand is dominating the Mass + Class segment winter cloth market. Oswal has around 50% market share in this segment. With the booming retail sector driving the growth of Readymade clothing in India (estimated to be to the tune of Rs40 bn) no one can resist extending their brand to readymades. That is exactly what MonteCarlo is doing now. MonteCarlo ( which is a super brand) has similarity with Color Plus (discussed in previous blog) in that it created a market for itself in a category that was dominated by lesser known brands.Monte Carlo was careful in brand building and the ads were catchy and theme oriented. Since I am in South India where there is little market for woolen clothes, still the ads shown in national channels used to excite me. The ads were full of â€Å"feel good† factors with great models and excellent imagery. All the ads had Romance and two people discovering a relationship . The print ads were like that of † ColorPlus† gave a premium touch to the brand. It is said that most of the earlier models of this brand are now superstars including Mallika Sherawat, Arjun Rampal to name a few.Monte Carlo is promoted with the baseline â€Å"It’s the way you make me feel†. The catchy point of the TVC s is the music which always set the tone for the message. The brand is still communicated along the same themes since two decades. The company spent lot of effort in making sure that the premiumness is not lost in campaigns. This is going to pay rich dividend when the brand is getting into the competitive world of every day wear. The brand was extended to T shirts in 1999 with the brand Summerz. In 2001, the brand forayed into everday wear market under the sub brands Wonderhugs and Trouserz and introduced ladies wear in 2003.This year saw the national launch of cotton wears from Monte Carlo. The company was carefully ramping up the distributi on and retail strategies to ensure that this brand succeed. The price range of readymades is in line with the premium brands like Van Heusan and Louis Philippe. So Monte Carlo can expect some serious competition. With the kind of success this brand had in the winter wear market, it is reasonable to believe that Monte Carlo has the potential to be a † Color Plus†. Hope that the brand will be built along the same themes that made it successful. REVIEW OF LITERATUREOswal Woolen Mills NAHAR GROUP, established in 1949 surges ahead to establish it self as a reputed industrial conglomerate with a wide ranging portfolio from Spinning, Knitting, Fabric, Hosiery Garments etc. Out of total production, 60% of the production is dedicated to exports and the rest 40% for domestic market. The production facility has been awarded ISO 9001:2000. OWM is the flagship company of the glorious Oswal Empire and a proud owner of widely loved Super Brands in Knitwear, Monte Carlo and Canterbury. The company boasts of a product range that is truly large and varied.They include diverse types of Woollen, Acrylic and Synthetic Blended Yarns, Lambs Wool Yarn, Woollen Viscose & Acrylic Tops, Textile Fabric, Woollen Knitwear, Hosiery & Cotton Garments The knitting industry in India can be classified into following groups: 1. Hosiery knitting for undergarments 2. Flat knitting for sweaters and winter garments 3. Socks knitting for socks and stockings 4. Warp knitting for dresses, furnishings and industrial applications In the recent times, knitting sector has undergone enormous modifications that have resulted in an increase in efficiency, ease of operations, use of computer aided esigning etc. The various reasons for the growth of knitting industry are as follows: 1. – The capital investment for starting a new knitting unit is relatively small than that required for other fabric producing industries. 2. High productivity and very low preparatory process as compared to weavi ng. 3. More flexible and easy changeover of styles and designs to keep up with the frequent fashion changes in apparel market. 4. Knitted fabrics are comfortable and are in tune with the time. 5. Knitwear don’t require ironing and thus it gives people a carefree feeling while traveling etc. 6.Low labour cost per unit as compared to weaving. 7. Wider scope of designing in a knitting machine at a lower cost as compared to weaving. Traditionally pure wool was more commonly used for knitted fabrics. But its cost being very high and production being very low, it could not meet the requirements of the increasing population. Due to these constraints, the use of acrylic and other noncostlier fibres like jute have overshadowed wool in the knitting sector. Optimal utilisation of the manufacturing capacities of the industry is required to face the global challenge in terms of quantity and price in the post WTO quota regime.Most of the hosiery/knitwear manufacturing units in India are in the small-scale sector. India is the lar